Pump.



Patented July 18, 1916.

V a vwe nfoz 93,94; mtom MM- 9'- M L. WYGODSKY. PUMP;

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8, I914.

1 ED STAS PATENT orriou; I

LEON WYGODSKY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y ASSIGNOIR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

BALTIMORE OIL ENGINE COMPANY, OF BALTIMORE, MABYLAND, CORPOBA- TION OF DELAWARE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEON WYGODSKY, "a subject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in pumps, particularly pumps for the compression of air andother elastic fluids.

' The improved pump herein illustrated and described is particularly intended for-use in the starting of internal combustion engines, and such a pump corresponding in construc tion in most respects with the pump here-in illustrated and described, is shown, as applied to such use, in my prior application for Letters Patent for starting means for inable compressing member of the pump iscaused to move at such rate that a nearly uniform resistance, due to the variable rate -of' compression in the pump, is obtained; and in other features, all as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

The objects of my invention are, to improve the construction pumps, particularly pumps for the compression of elastic fluids;

to utilize efliciently in such pumps, the work done on the primary operating member; to causethe fluid to be compressed within the pump, at such rate, that a nearly uniform resistance will be offered, as a result of the work done in such compression, to the movement of the actuating member of the pump, through the greater portion at least of the working stroke of such actuating member; to reduce clearance space in the pump to a relatively low ratio with respect to the piston displacement; and generally, to make the pump simple, compact, easy to manufacture, easy to operate, and free from liability to derangement.

I will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which one form of pump cmbodying my invention is illustrated, and will then point out the novel features in claims.

Pour.

' Specification of Letters Patent. I

, Patented July 18,1916.

Application filedMay s, 1914. Serial No. 837,212.

employed a stationary hollow piston, the

interior of which constitutes a receiver into which the compressed fluid is discharged. The'piston being stationary, the compression cylinder itself reciprocates over said piston.

In the drawings numeral 1 designates the- I said reciprocating cylinder and numeral 2 the said stationary hollow piston, custom-' I arily provided with an integral base plate 3. The cylinder 1 reciprocates vertically over the piston 2, such piston being provided, in the construction shown, with an ordinary cup packing disk 1 (customarily of leather or other suitable flexible material) such cup packing being held in place by a washer 5 having a hub 6'screw-connected to the head 7 of piston 2. In this washer 5 there is a central bore communicating at its lower end with the interior of the hollow piston 2, and insuch bore is'mounted an automatic valve 8. As the particular structure of'this valve is not a material feature of my invention, I have not illustrated such discharge valve in detail. The said valve may be understood to be a spring-actuated valve of ordinary type.

The head 9 of the reciprocating pump cylinder is provided with admission ports 1010 and with an admission valve 11, which valve, in the construction shown,-is an ordinary flap valve, customarily formed of leather or other suitable material, and held in place by a headed bolt 12. It will'be understood that during the upstrokes of the 1; and that at the beginning of each down? stroke of cylinder 1 such valve 11 closes cylinder 1 through ports 10.

automatically, preventing escape of air from For reciprocating the cylinder 1 with r espect to the piston 2, I have provided a novel operating mechanism whereby the cylinder 1 is caused, at the beginning of its down stroke, to move rapidly, the rate of movement of the cylinder growing progressively less as the down stroke proceeds, to the end that the resistance to motion of the actuating member hereinafter mentioned, may, as a result of the decreasing rate of movement of the compressing and the decreasing rate of compression of the spring-hereinafter mentioned, be nearly uniform through the greater portion -(and in practice, through practically all) of the stroke of that actuating member. It will be understood that the more rapidthe motion of the cylinder with reference to the motion of the primary actuating member, the greater the Work done for each increment of movement of the main actuating. member; so that by causing the cylinder to move rapidly, with reference to the main actuating member, at the time when the compression pressure is low, and causing said cylinder to move more slowly with reference to the main actuating memher, as the compression pressure increases, a substantially uniform resistance to the motion of such main actuating member is obtained. To this end, I have provided the following actuating means for the reciproeating cylinder: Two main levers 11, (connected as hereinafter described, to constitute one lever) are pivoted to cylinder 1 at 12. When the cylinder 1 is at the top limit of its stroke, these levers extend laterally and obliquely at an angle (in the'con'struction shown) of about to the axis of reciprocation of the cylinder; and these levers 11 are provided with downward extensions, 13, which are vertical or substantially so when the levers 11 are in such 60 position. The lever extensions 13 are pivoted at 14 to other levers 15 pivoted at 16, and connected by a transverse rod 17 to a block 18 mounted sion stroke proceeds, bringsthe point of and is free to oscillate to such extent as may mamas the spring 22. Althoughas the compression of this spring proceeds, the pressure exerted by it necessarily increases, yet the leverage exerted by levers 11, through levers 15, on spring 22, also increases and in a greater ratio; whereby a further compensation for increasing resistance to downward motion of the cylinder 1 is eflected. When the levers 11v are released and permitted to ascend, the spring 22' expands, moving said levers 11 upward, and also moving the compression cylinder 1 upward.

Spring rod 19 is pivoted to base 3 at 20,

be necessitated by angular movement of lever 15, thus avoiding binding of the block 18 sliding upon spring rod 19. The swinging of spring rod 19 inward, as the compresconnection of that rod with the lever 15 nearly to the dead center, with the result,

' that during the lastportion of the compression stroke of cylinder 1, the spring offers practically no further resistance to the compression. The spring rod 19 is screw connected to its pivot shaft 20, and therefore the pressure of the spring 22 may be adjusted by turning the spring rod 19. Lock nuts 24 and 25 are provided for clamping the-spring rod in any position to which it may be adjusted.

I have shown, as operating means for the levers 11, a foot plate 26 pivoted by pins 27 to the outer ends of levers 11. The punip is therefore adapted to be operated 'by foot pressure, 2'. e., as a foot pump. But it will be obvious that any other operating means to slide on a spring rod 19 pivoted to base 3 at 20 and having a head 21. A spring 22 is mounted upon spring rod 19, and is arranged to be compressed between head 21 and block 18. It will be apparent that as levers 11 are depressed, the cylinder 1 will be depressed; but that since, at the\beginning of the downward motion of cylinder 1,

a line connecting points 12 and 14 is nearly tinues; thus tending to compensate, as above explained, for the progresslve increase in pressure of the fluid compressed in cylinder 1, and therefore to compensate, as above explained, for the increased resistance to downward motion of such cylinder 1, due to increased pressure of the fluid compressed. Further compensation is obtained by action for the levers 11 may be employed, The pins 27 connecting the levers 11 at their outer ends and the trunnions 12 connecting the levers 11 at their pivotal point, make the two levers 11 practically one lever. The same is true with respect to the levers 15; the rod 17 and the trunnion 12 uniting said levers 15 into practically one level.

It will be noted that as cylinder 1 descends, so does the point of support of lever 11, and

therefore so does the foot plate 26. It will also be noted that the swing of the lever 11, about its axis. of pivotal support, is from about 30 above the horizontal to about 30 below the horizontal. For these reasons, the motion of the foot plate is nearly vertical, and is through that'portion of an arc in 130 which downwardly exerted pressure by a foot or the like is most effective, and as will be readily understood, this is extremely advantageous, particularly in the case of a foot pump. The lever 11, by reason of its connection to the movable member of the compress'or, may be termed a floating lever.

It will be noted that the air compressed in cylinder 1 is discharged into the hollow interior of piston 2, which hollow interior 0 therefore serves as a receiver, which, in the construction shown, is of relatively large capacity as compared with cylinder 1. Any

suitable number of discharge ducts may be after a predetermined pressure has been 1, and by small circles corresponding posi reached in the receiver space. In practice, and when this pump is to be used for starting an internal combustion engine, such as described in my said prior application Sr. No. 808,900, a torch 32 is connected by flexible tubing 31, or other suitable means, to the discharge connection 28, and the discharge valve 30 is connected by a flexible tubing 33, or other suitable means, to the cylinder of the enginesto be started by means of this pump. During the early period of the operation of the pump, the pump supplies sufiicient air for the operation of the torch, and after the pressure in the receiver space has reached the pressure required for the opening of the valve 80, air in excess of the pressure to which that valve 30 has been set, is supplied to the cylinder of the engine, this Valve 30, by so discharging such excess air, limiting the pressure of the air supplied to the torch. In my said application Sr. No. 808,900 I have claimed the combination with an engine cylinder and piston, means for supplying fuel to said cylinder, an ignition device for the fuel so introduced, and a burner for heating such ignition device, of a compressor arran ed to deliver combustion-supporting fiui to said burner and alsoto the engine cylinder, and a loaded discharge valve through which the combustion supporting fluid passes on its way to the cylinder said valve loaded to open only after suficient pressure for the operation of the burner has been reached in rear of such discharge valve; whereby the discharge of fluid through such discharge valve serves to prevent a higher pressure being reached in rear of such discharge valve, than is required for the operation of the burner. Therefore such invention is not claimed herein.

In Fig. 1 I. have indicated by horizontal dot and dash lines, various successive positions of the efiective rear end of the cylinder tlons of the axis of rod 27, the axis of trunnions 12, and the axis of the pivotal connection 14. The circles .indicating successive positions of the foot plate 26 are equidistant; and as will be noted, the distance between the circles indicating successive positions of the trunnions 12, and pivotal connection 14:, decreases progressively, and very rapidly, as the compression'stroke proceeds.

It will be apparent, therefore, that as the downward or compression stroke of the foot plate 26 progresses, the leverage of that foot plate with reference to the cylinder 1 and the spring 22, increases so rapidlythat the increase of resistance due to 'progressive compression of air in the cylinder, and progressive increase of compression of the spring, is practically neutralized. The almost rectilinear motion of the foot plate 26 is also clearly shown in Fig. 1.

. As shown bythe dot and dash lines in Fig. 1, the cylinder 1 may descend until its head is in contact with the washer 5 of the packing disk 4. In other words, clearance space is almost completely suppressed in this pump, and the more or less elastic packing disk 4 serves as a cushion to check the downward motion of the cylinder. In this form of the pump, the usual piston rod and its gland are eliminated. Piston rods, as employed in other pumps, are usually subjected to much side pressure, as wellv as to axial pressure, and, being usually of small diameter, are not well adapted to resist side pressure, unless provided with a cross head and guides therefor. In my pump, however, the cylinder is guided by a piston, itself of rela tively great diameter, and very rigid, and therefore well adapted to receive the side thrust; and the bearing of the cylinder on this piston is as wide as would commonly be provided in an equivalent movable-piston pump provided with a cross head and guides for its piston rod. A cross head and its guides are eliminated altogether. In pumps comprising a movable piston and piston rod, this piston rod, necessarily more or less lubricated for free passage through the gland of the cylinder, is exposed to dust and grit, and such a piston rod commonly draws dust and grit with it through the gland of the cylinder, into the cylinder itself; by which means the piston rod and the packing are often cut by the dust, and the dust.so carried into the cylinder may pass into the valves, interfering with the action thereof. But in my pump, since the piston is vertical, with the cylinder above it, dust and grit do not have much opportunity to reach the side of the piston. Moreover, in practice, during intervals of idleness of the pump, the lever 11 is locked in its lowest position (by means not shown) whereby the bearing surfaces of the piston are completely covered by the cylinder, access of dust and grit to such bearing surfaces being thereby precluded.

What I claim is 1. A compression pump comprising a hol-.

adapted to coact, an admission valve for 'admitting fiuidcompressed in said cylinder to said receiver space, and means for producin relative reciprocatory motion between said cylinder and piston, said receiver space provided with two discharge connectlons,

and 'a loaded discharge valve for one such.

discharge connection, such discharge valve serving to prevent a higher pressure being reached in such receiver space than-about the pressure at which such discharge valve is set to open.

3. A compression pump comprismg a hollow stationary pump piston, a compresslon cylinder arranged to reciprocate with respect to and over said piston, means for actuating said cylinder, and means f or discharging compressed fluid from said cylinder into said hollow piston, the interior of such iston constituting a receiver space.

4. K compression foot; pump comprising in combination a cylinder and a piston arranged to coiiperate, one of said members being movable downward with respect to the other during the compression stroke, and means for actuating such movable member comprising two pivotally connected levers, one of which levers'is fulcrumed at a fixed point, well to one side of the axis of movement of such movable member, the other of such levers, being the power lever, being fulcrumed on said movable member, and being extended beyond its point of pivotal connection to such movable member and being provided on its so-extended portion with a foot plate, the range of motion of such extended portion of the power lever being from above the horizontal to below the same, the relations of said levers being such that at the beginning of the compression stroke lines connecting the point of pivotal connection of such levers with the fulcrum points of such levers form approximately a right angle. I

5. A compression foot pump comprising in combination a cylinder and a piston arranged to coiiperate therewith, one of said members being movable with respect to the other, and means for actuating such movable member comprising two pivotally connected levers, one of which levers is fulcrumed at a fixed point, well to one side of the aXis of movement of such movable member, and the other, being the power lever, is fulcrumed on said movable member, the relations of said levers being such that at the beginning of the compression stroke lines connecting the menace point of pivotal connection or said levers, with the fulcrum points of said levers, are nearly at right angles at the be inning of the compression stroke, the ang e between such lines growing more acute as the compression stroke proceeds, said power lever provided with 2:. depending foot plate p1v-= otally connected to it. I

6. A compression pump comprising 1n combination a cylinder and a piston arranged to cotiperate therewith, one of said members movable with respect to the other, and means for actuating such movable member comprising a main operating lever fulcrumed to said movable member and another lever pivotally connected to said first mentioned lever and itself fulcrumed at a respect to said movable member increases.

7. A compression pump comprising in combination a. cylinder and a piston arranged to cooperate therewith, one of said members movable with respect to the other, and means for actuating such movable member comprising a main operating lever fulcrumed to said movable member and another lever pivotally connected to said first mentioned lever, the relations of said levers being such that as the compression stroke proceeds the leverage of said main actuating lever with respect to said movable member increases, and a spring acted upon by said second lever, and, arranged to resistv the movement of said movable member in its compression stroke.

8. A comlpression pump comprising in combination a cylinder and a piston arranged to cooperate therewith, one of said members movable with respect to the other, and means for actuating such movable member comprising a main operating lever fulcrumed to said movable member and another lever pivotally connected to said first mentioned lever, the relations of said levers being such that as the compression stroke proceeds the leverage of said main actuating lever with respect to said movable member increases, and a spring acted upon by said second lever, and arranged to resist the movement of said movable member in its compression stroke, the relation of said levers to each other and to such spring being such that the leverage of said main actuating lever with respect to said spring increases as the compression stroke proceeds.

9.'A compression pump comprising in combination a cylinder and a piston arranged to coiiperate 'therewith, one of said members being movable with respect to the connecting the point of pivotal connection of said levers, with the fulcrum points of, said levers, form an angle which is less acute at the beginning of the compression stroke than later on in such stroke, such angle growing more acute as the compression stroke proceeds.

10. A compression pump comprising in combination a piston and a compression cylinder, one arranged to reciprocate with respect to the other, and means for actuating said reciprocating member comprising two pivotally connected levers, one of which le vers is fulcrumed to the piston at a point to one side of the axis of movement of the said reciprocating member, the other of said levers, being the main actuating lever, being fulcrumed to said reciprocating member; the relations of said levers being such that at the beginning of the compression stroke lines connecting the point of pivotal connection of. said levers, with the fulcrum points of said levers, form approximately a right angle at the beginning of the compression stroke, such angle growing more acute .asthe compression stroke proceeds.

11. A compression pump comprising in combination a cylinder and a piston arranged to cooperate therewith, one of said members being movable with respect to the other, and means for actuating such movable member comprising two pivotally connectedlevers, one of which is fulcrumed at a fixed point located to one side of the axis of movement of said movable member, the other of which levers, being the main actuating lever, is fulcrumed on said movable member; the relations of said levers being such that at the beginning of the compression stroke lines connecting the point of pivotal connection of said levers, with the fulcrum points of said levers, form an an gle which is less acute at the beginning of the compression stroke than later on in such stroke, such angle growing more acute as the compression stroke proceeds, a spring rod mounted to oscillate, and a springthereon,

and engaged by" the first of said levers and arranged to resist the movement of said movable member in its compression stroke.

12. A compression pump comprising in combination a hollow piston, a compression cylinder arranged to reciprocate with respect to and over said piston, and means for actuating said cylinder comprising two pivotally connected levers, one of which levers is fulcrumed to the piston at a point to one side of the axis of movements of the said cylinder, the other of said levers, being the main actuating lever, being fulcrumed to said cylinder; the relations of said lever being such that at the beginning of the compression stroke lines connecting the point of pivotal connection of said levers, with the fulcrum points of said levers, form an angle which is less acute at the beginning of the compression stroke than later on in such stroke, such angle growing more acute as the compression stroke proceeds, a spring rod mounted to oscillate, and a spring thereon, and engaged by the first of said levers, and arranged to resist the movement of said cylinder in its compression stroke.

13. A compression pump comprising in combination a cylinder, a piston arranged to cooperate therewith, one of said members movable with respect to the other, a spring, and means for actuating such movable member and for compressing such spring comprisinglever connections whereby as said actuating means is operated to produce compression 1n sa1d cyllnder the leverage of sa1d actuating means with reference to said movable member and with reference to said spring increases.

14. A compression pump comprising in combination a cylinder, a piston arranged to cooperate therewith, one of said members movable with respect tothe other, a spring, and means for actuating such movable member and for compressing such spring comprising lever connections whereby as said.

actuating means is operated to produce compression in said cylinder, the leverage 'of said actuating member with reference to said movable member and with reference to said spring increases to an extent suflicient to substantially compensate for increasing resistance due to compression in such cylin der and to progressively increasing tension of the spring.

15. A compression pump comprising in combination a cylinder, a piston arranged to cooperate therewith, one of said members movable with respect to the other, a spring, and means for actuating such movable member and for pressing such spring comprising connections whereby as said actuating means is operated to produce compression in said cylinder, and to press the spring, the moment of the spring decreases.

16. A compression pump comprising in combination a cylinder and a piston, one of said members being movable with respect to the other, and operating means for such movable member, the said movable member having a head provided with an inlet port and with an inlet valve of flexible mamemes terial located within the cylinder and sespecification in the presence of two subcured to the end of such moviiblefmember scribing witnesses. and not on serving as a va ve or such inlet port, blit also forming a cushion to re- LEON WYGODSKY ceive the impact of the end of the other Witnesses: member H. M. MARBLE,

In testimony whereof I have signed this PAUL H. FRANKE. 

